PUBLICATIONS
Zhang, Q., Melchert, P.W., Awad, A. McCurdy, C. Krone, B., Newcorn, J., Froehlich, T., Stein, M., Roeuscher, J., Zhu, H., Markowitz, J. (2025). Increased plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-methylphenidate in CES1 G134E carriers following a single oral dose of methylphenidate. Medicinal Chemistry Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-025-03477-3
Jeong H, Kang M, Sorenson K, Moore J, Blair RJ, Leibenluft E, Newcorn JH, Krone B, Jeong S, Kim D, Hwang S. (2025). Virtual Reality–Based Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Symptoms in Children: Framework Development and Standardization Study. JMIR Serious Games;13:e69146. doi: 10.2196/69146. PMID: 41056539.
Singh, R, Panchal J, Ali S, Krone B, Wert IJ, Owens M, Stein M, Shah MV. (2025). Ecological Momentary Assessment of Emotional Dysregulation and Outbursts among Youth with ADHD: A Feasibility Study of a Biomarker-Driven Predictive Algorithm in the Special Education Pre-K and Early Childhood Classroom Settings. Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, section Child Mental Health and Interventions.
Bishop, J. R., Zhou, C., Gaedigk, A., Krone, B., Kittles, R., Cook, E. H., Newcorn, J. H., & Stein, M. A. (2024). Dopamine Transporter and CYP2D6 Gene Relationships with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Response in the Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine Crossover Study. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 34(10), 458–469. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2024.0069
Ivanov I, Krone B, Schulz K, Shaik RB, Parvaz MA, Newcorn JH. (2024). Effects of Stimulant Treatment on Changes in Brain Activation During Reward Notifications in Drug Naïve Youth With ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2024 Jan 31:10870547231219762. doi: 10.1177/10870547231219762. PMID: 38293912.
Israel, A., Merzon, E., Krone, B., Faraone, S. V., Green, I., Golan Cohen, A., Vinker, S., Cohen, S., Ashkenazi, S., Magen, E., Weizman, A., & Manor, I. (2024). The Association Between Repeated Measured Febrile Episodes During Early Childhood and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study. Journal of attention disorders, 10870547231215289. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547231215289.
Merzon, E., Magen, E., Levy, Y., Ashkenazi, S., Manor, I., Weizman, A., Krone, B., Faraone, S. V., Green, I., Golan-Cohen, A., Vinker, S., & Israel, A. (2024). Pain-Associated Diagnoses in Childhood Before the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 11(11), 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111388
Newcorn, J., Ivanov, I, Krone, B., Li, X, Duhoux, S., White, S., Schulz, K., Bedard, A-C., Pedraza, J., Adler, L., Blair, J. (2024). Neurobiological basis of reinforcement-based decision making in adults with ADHD treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate: Preliminary findings and implications for mechanisms influencing clinical improvement. Journal of Psychiatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.037
Krone, B., Adler, L, Anbarasan, D., Leon, T., Gallagher, R., Patel, P.,Faraone, S.V., Newcorn, J. (2023). Characteristics of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among Adults with ADHD: Objective Neurocognitive Measures align with Self-Report of Executive Function. Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. Sec. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Volume 2 - 2023. DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1188901
Krone, B. Bedard, AC., Schulz, K., Ivanov, I. Stein, M., & Newcorn, J. (2023). Neuropsychological Correlates of ADHD-Inattentive Presentation and ADHD + Sluggish Cognitive Tempo among Youth: Indicators of Different Attentional Profiles. Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. Sec. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Volume 2 - 2023. DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1208660
Merzon, E., Israel, A., Krone, B., Medvejer, S., Cohen, S., Green, I., Golan-Cohen, A., Vinker, S., Faraone, S. V., Newcorn, J. H., Ashkenazi, S., Weizman, A., & Manor, I. (2023). Increased Rate of Familial Mediterranean Fever in Children With ADHD: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547231215045
Merzon, E.; Magen, E.; Ashkenazi, S.; Weizman, A.; Manor, I.; Krone, B.; Green, I.; Golan-Cohen, A.; Vinker, S.; Faraone, S.V.; et al (2023). The Association between Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Nutrients,15(23), 4948. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234948
Merzon, E., Weiss, M., Krone, B., Cohen, S., Ilani, G., Vinker, S., Cohen-Golan, A., Green, I.Israel, A., Schneider, T., Ashkenazi, S., Weizman, A., & Manor, I. (2022). Clinical and Socio-Demographic Variables Associated with the Diagnosis of Long COVID Syndrome in Youth: A Population-Based Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(10), 5993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105993
Newcorn, J., Krone, B. & Dittmann, R. (2022). Non-Stimulant Treatments for ADHD. Child And Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.005
Adler, L. A., Leon, T. L., Sardoff, T. M., Krone, B., Faraone, S. V., Silverstein, M. J., & Newcorn, J. H. (2021). A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lisdexamfetamine in the Treatment of Comorbid Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Adult ADHD. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 82(4), 34965.
Krone, B., Norris-Brilliant, A., & Lee, J. (2020, June 16). TeleMental Health and Adult ADHD: A Brief History and Current Status. Retrieved from osf.io/ypfg5
Silverstein, M.J., Leon, T.L., Krone, B., Faraone, S.V., Newcorn, J.H., & Adler, L.A. (2019). The Characteristics and Unique Impairments of Comorbid Adult ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: An Interim Analysis. Psychiatric Annals, 49(10), 457-465.
Schulz, K, Krone, B, Adler, L, Bedard, AC, Duhoux, S, Pedraza, J, Mahagabin, S, Newcorn, J. (2018). Lisdexamfetamine Targets Amygdala Mechanisms that Bias Cognitive Control in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 8(3), 686-693.
Bédard, A.-C. V., Stein, M. A., Halperin, J. M., Krone, B., Rajwan, E., & Newcorn, J. H. (2015). Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12272. Epub 2014 Jun 19. PMCID: PMC4272337
Bédard, A.-C. V., Schulz, K. P., Krone, B., Pedraza, J., Duhoux, S., Halperin, J. M., & Newcorn, J. H. (2015). Neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of guanfacine treatment in youth with ADHD: a pilot fMRI study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 231(3), 353-356.
Bédard, A.C.V., Newcorn, J.H., Clerkin, S.M., Krone, B., Halperin, J.M. & Schulz, K.P. (2014). Reduced prefrontal efficiency for visuospatial working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(9), 1020-1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.011
Krone, B. K.(2012). Spatial rotation, aggression, and gender in first-person-shooter video games and their influence on math achievement (Order No. 3545375). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1238006313). Retrieved from http://eresources.library.mssm.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1238006313?accountid=41157. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33534.79688
Academic Texts and Invited Chapters
Newcorn, J, Krone, B, Vitiello, B, Haege A. (2025). ADHD in Adults: NonStimulant Treatments. In: T Banaschewski, D Coghill, J Newcorn, L Rohde, E Simonoff, G Tripp (Eds.) Oxford Textbook of ADHD 2nd edition.
Surman, C, Krone, B, Adler, L, Ramos-Quiroga, JA. (2025). ADHD in Adults: Assessment Issues. In: T Banaschewski, D Coghill, J Newcorn, L Rohde, E Simonoff, G Tripp (Eds.) Oxford Textbook of ADHD 2nd edition.
Newcorn, JH, Krone, B, Coghill, D, Halperin, JM. (2024). Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In: A. Tasman, MB Riba, TG Schulze, CH Ng, CA Alfonso, D Lecic-Tosevski, S Kanba, RD Alarcon, DM Ndetei (Eds.) Tasman’s Psychiatry, 5th edition. Springer International Publishing. ISBN: 9783030513658
Krone, B., Kirschenbaum, A., Yang, T., Glick, A., Newcorn, A., & Newcorn, J. H. (2019). Adult Hyperactivity Attention-Deficit/Disorder. In M. L. Alosco & R. A. Stern (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders (pp. 396). Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190664121.013.19
Krone, B, Ivanov, I & Newcorn, J. (2019). Aggression in Disruptive Behavior Disorders Beginning in Childhood. In E. F. Coccaro & M. S. McClosky (Eds.) Aggression: Clinical Features and Treatment Across the Diagnostic Spectrum.(pp. 81). American Psychiatric Pub.
Krone, B. & Newcorn, J.H. (2015). Comorbidity of ADHD and Anxiety Disorders: Descriptive and Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment Across the Lifespan. In: Adler, Wilens, Spencer (Eds.) Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults and Children (Vol. 98). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035491.010
Newcorn, J.H., Leikauf, J., Johnson, B., Krone, B., Halperin, J.M. (2015). Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In: A. Tasman, J. Kay, J.A. Lieberman (Eds.) Psychiatry, 4th edition (pp. 748--764). W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia. DOI:10.1002/9781118753378
Other Peer Reviewed Publications (Presented Posters and Published Abstracts)
Son H, Lee J, Pak M, Kim N, Yang Y, Oh S, Joung Y, Hwang S, Krone B, Newcorn JH, Chung T.M.. (2024). ADHD Symptom Assessment Using Artificial Intelligence to Parse Virtual Reality Task Performance. Journal Amer Academ Child & Adolesc Psychiatry, 62(10), S261-262. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.334
Son H, Lee J, Pak M, Krone B, Newcorn J, Chung TM,. (2023). AttnKare-D: a Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence Based Tool for Measuring ADHD Symptom Severity. Poster presented at the Annual meeting of the American Professional Society for ADHD and Related Disorders, Orlando, Fla.
Melchert P, Zhang Q, Shahisavandi N, Krone B, Newcorn J, Gong Y, Stein M, Froehlich T , Langaee T, Markowitz JS. (2023). Pharmacogenomic Associations with Adverse Events in Response to Methylphenidate Treatment for Adhd. Poster presented at the Annual meeting of the American Professional Society for ADHD and Related Disorders, Orlando, Fla.
Krone, B, Wert, I & Edman (2023). CBT for ADHD in College Effective but Unavailable: Results of a Systemic Literature Review Speaker Center. Journal Amer Academ Child & Adolesc Psychiatry, 62(10), S186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.104
Krone, B. (2023, September). Poster presented at the meeting of Eunethydis. Montpelier, France, September 18, 2023.
Krone, B. Bedard, AC., Schulz, K., Ivanov, I. Stein, M., & Newcorn, J. (2023). Neuropsychological correlates of attentional arousal and attentional control: Differences in ADHD with and without sluggish cognitive tempo. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the World Federation of ADHD, May 20, 2023, Amsterdam.
Krone, B, Wert, I & Edman (2023). "Getting the Most out of College: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for College Students with ADHD" presented at the 2023 Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention, Washington, D.C., USA, May 25-28, 2023.
Bishop, J., Zhou, C., Gaedigk, A., Krone, B., Cook Jr., E, Newcorn, J. & Stein, M., (2021). Dopamine Transporter and CYP2D6 Genotype Associations With ADHD Treatment Response: Results From the Methylphenidate-Atomoxetine Crossover Study (MACRO). Biological Psychiatry, 89(9) S233. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.586
Ivanov, I., Newcorn, J., Krone, B., Li, X., Duhoux, S., White, S., Schulz, K., Bedard, A.C., Pedraza, J., Adler, L. & Blair, J. (2021). Neurobiological Basis of Reinforcement-based Decision Making in Adults with ADHD Treated with Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(11), 1632-1633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720923061
Krone, B, Bedard, AC, Downes, L., Downes, Q, Ivanov, I., Schulz, K. & Newcorn, J. (2020). Neuropsychological Assessment Discriminates ADHD-I from SCT by Parent Report. Individual Research Paper Session to be presented at the Annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology (ASCP), Miami, Florida.
Stein, M., Bishop, J. Zhou, C., Cook, E., Gaedigk, A., Krone, B., & Newcorn, J. (2020). Variation in the Dopamine Transporter and CYPTd6 genes and dose-response to Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine: Results from the MACRO Study. Poster to be presented at the Annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology (ASCP), Miami, Florida.
Ivanov, I., Newcorn, J., Krone, B., Li, X., Stephanie, D., Steward, W., Schulz, K., Bedard, A., Pedraza, J. & Adler, L. (2020). Neurobiological Basis of Reinforcement-Based Decision Making in Adults With ADHD Treated With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate. Biological Psychiatry, 87(9), S422-S423.
Newcorn, J., Krone, B., Hildebrandt, T, & Stein, M. (2017). Methylphenidate vs. Atomoxetine in Youth with ADHD: Comparative Effectiveness and Preference following Treatment with both Medications. Biological Psychiatry, 81(10), S346-S347. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.581
Krone, B., Bedard, A. C., Downes, L., Downes, Q., Kirschenbaum, A., Ivanov, I., Schulz, K., & Newcorn, J. H. (2020). Double Dissociation of Neuropsychological Correlates for Cognitive Phenotypes in ADHD. 67th Annual Meeting of American Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Virtual Meeting.
Adler, L., Leon, T. Krone, B.,Faraone, S., Silverstein, M. & Newcorn, J. (2020). A Placebo Controlled Trial of Lisdexamfetamine in the Treatment of Comorbid Sluggish. Poster presented at the Annual meeting of the American Professional Society for ADHD and Related Disorders, Washington, DC.
Adler, L., Krone, B., Newcorn, J. (2020). The Characteristics and Unique Impairments of Comorbid Adult ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive. Poster accepted for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Schulz, K., Krone, B., Adler, L., Bedard, A-C., Duhoux, S., Pedraza, J & Newcorn, J. (2018). Lisdexamfetamine Targets Amygdala Mechanisms that Bias Cognitive Control: Relation to Clinical Improvement in Adults with ADHD, Poster presented at the Annual meeting of the American Professional Society for ADHD and Related Disorders, Washington, DC.
Krone, B., Newcorn, J., Hildebrandt, T. B., Bedard, A. C., Ivanov, I., & Stein, M. A. (2016). 6.40 Examination of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Construct in Pediatric ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10S). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.360
Krone, B., Hildebrandt, T. B., Bedard, A.-C., Pedraza, J. D., Newcorn, J. H., & Stein, M. A. (2016). Affective Instability and Oppositional Defiance in ADHD: Treatment Effects. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10(55), S216-S217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.359
Heber, E., Halperin, J., Krone, B., Bedard, A.-C., Ivanov, I., & Newcorn, J. H. (2016). 5.15 Cognitive and Emotional Control in Youth with ADHD, and the Impact of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 10(55), S188. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.274
Krone, B., Hildebrandt, T., Palmero, R., Zeranski, E., Davidow, J., Rajwan, E., Li, M., San Giorgio, C., Roinstead, S., Pazmino, E., Kirschenbaum, A., Ivanov, I., Bedard, AC., Pedraza, J.D., Halperin, J., Stein, M., Newcorn, J.H. (January, 2016). Pediatric SCT in ADHD: Measuring and Treating the Construct. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Professional Society for ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD) Annual Meeting; Washington, DC.
Ivanov, I., Li, X., Schultz, K., Phillips, J., Krone, B., Fan, J., and Newcorn, J. (January, 2016). Reward Processing in Drug-Naïve Youth with Various Risks for Substance Use Disorders. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Professional Society for ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD) Annual Meeting; Washington, DC.
Krone, B., Weinbaum, E., Disch, W., Bedard, A-C. (2015, May). Impulse Control, Aggression, and Spatial Skills: What Diffusion Modeling tells us about Female Math Achievement. Poster presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science, New York, NY.
Krone, B., Stein, M., Hildebrandt, T., Bedard, A-C., Ivanov, I., Newcorn, J. (2014, January). Multiple Mediation of ADHD: Role of ODD and Mood Lability in Treatment. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of APSARD; Washington, DC.
Pedraza, JD, Krone, B., Bayon, E., Adler, L., Newcorn, J.H. (2014). Prevalence and Co-morbidity of ADHD in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic mothers of inner city youth Currently Undergoing Treatment for ADHD. Symposium presented at the Annual Meeting of APSARD; Washington, DC.
Newcorn, J., Duhoux, S., Schulz, K., Krone, B., Bedard, A.-C., Pedraza, J., Adler, L., White, S., & Blair, J. (2014). Effects of Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse (R)) on Reward Processing. Biological Psychiatry, 75(9), 7S-7S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.014
Duhoux S, Schulz KP, Krone B, Bédard AC, Pedraza J, Adler, LA, White SF, Blair JR, Newcorn JH (2014, September). Neurobiological Basis of Response to Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse®) in Adults with ADHD. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of ASCP, Hollywood, Fla.
Pedraza, J.D., Krone, B., Bayon, E., Li, M., Duhoux S., Bedard A.C., Adler, L., Newcorn, J.H. (2013, September). Improving Identification of ADHD and Executive Function Deficits in Parents of Children Diagnosed With ADHD Using Objective Measures. Symposium presented at the Pond Family Foundation meeting, at the annual convention of APSARD, Washington DC.
Bedard, A., Clerkin, S.M.,Krone, B., Halperin, J.M. & Newcorn, J.H., Schulz, KP. (2013, February). The Neural Correlates Of Visual-Spatial Working Memory In Youth With And Without ADHD: An fMRI Study Of Brain Activation. Poster presented at the 41stAnnual Meeting International Neuropsychological Society. Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA.
Krone, B., Weinbaum, E., Baron, A. (2012, May). Sex, Violence, and Brain Power: Role of Video Games in Math Achievement. Poster presented at the Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science, Chicago, IL.
Angarita, B, Stein, M., Krone, B., Bedard, A-C, Rajwan, E., Davidow, J., Newcorn, J. (2011, October). Integrating Symptomatic and Functional Outcome Measures in a Crossover Comparison Trial of Atomoxetine and OROS Methylphenidate in Youth with ADHD. Poster presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting on Psychiatric Services.
Chang, R., Krone, B. Chen, A., Nomura, Y., Pedraza, J., Angarita, B., Bedard, A-C., Stein, M., Newcorn, J.. (2011, October). Social skills and functional status in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Poster presented at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine Student Research Day, New York, New York.
Grieco, J, Krone B., Stein M, Bedard AC, & Newcorn J. (2011, February). Comparative Effects of Methylphenidate versus Atomoxetine on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in Children and Adolescents with ADHD. Poster presented at 39th Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society in Boston, Massachusetts.
Krone, B., Chacko, A. Mylnarski, L. (2009, November). Behavioral parent training for ADHD: A review of specific effects, mediators, and moderators of response. Poster presented at the Annual conference of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, New York, NY
Krone, B., Davidow, J., Zeranski, E., Bedard, A-C, Uderman, J., Ivanov, I., Stein, M., Newcorn, J. (2009, October). Changes in Functional Impairment in Children with ADHD and ODD in Response to Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate. Poster presented at the Annual conference of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Honolulu, HI.
Davidow, J., Krone, B., Bedard, A-C, Ivanov, I., Stein, M., Zeranski, E., Uderman, J., Newcorn, J. (2009, October). Affective Symptoms in Youth with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. Poster presented at the Annual conference of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Honolulu, HI
Stein, M., Rajwan, E., Bedard, A-C, Krone, B., Cook, E., Nomura, Y., Ivanov, I., Moy, G., Newcorn, J. (2009, October). Do DRD4 and DAT1 Moderate ADHD Phenotype? Poster presented at the Annual conference of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Honolulu, HI
Krone, B., Donikyan, A., Fussner, N.P., Santra, M, Rubenstein, D., Shemesh, E., Annunziato, R. (2009, May) Gender Differences in Symptoms of Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Ethnically Diverse Cardiac Patients. Poster presented at the Annual conference of the Association for Psychological Science, San Francisco, CA.
Krone, B. Forward in Snooks, M. K. (2008). Health psychology: Biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Krone, B. K. (2005). Sex or Gender: A Review and Critique of Research on Male and Female Mathematical Achievement. Master’s Thesis Approved by Walden University.
Research Focus
Our clinical research is dedicated to advancing the understanding of neurodivergent cognitive profiles, with a particular emphasis on the intersection of ADHD and chronic health issues. Our academic contributions translate directly into high-quality clinical care for our patients.